Understanding Eczema: More Than Just a Skin Condition

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common chronic skin condition that can lead to recurring infections and significantly impact quality of life if left untreated. It’s often called “the itch that rashes” because the rash usually appears after scratching or rubbing. Eczema is marked by dry, itchy skin that’s prone to inflammation and infection.

Eczema can affect anyone, including children, teens, and adults. The good news is, it’s not contagious. However, if you have a family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies, your chances of developing it are higher.

Flare-ups can happen at any time, especially when the skin comes into contact with irritants or allergens.

And did you know? Eczema isn’t just one single condition. There are several types, including:

• atopic dermatitis,
• contact dermatitis,
• dyshidrotic eczema,
• neurodermatitis,
• nummular eczema,
• seborrheic dermatitis.

Interestingly, a person can have more than one type of eczema at the same time, and each type has different triggers.

What Are the Symptoms?

Eczema symptoms can vary, but they commonly include:

• dry, itchy skin;
• rashes or small bumps;
• thickened, rough, or scaly patches;
• peeling, crusting, or even swelling.

The appearance of eczema can differ depending on your skin tone. On darker skin, rashes may appear purple, brown, or gray in color. On lighter skin, they’re more likely to be pink or red.

Eczema often shows up on the hands, neck, elbows, ankles, legs, face (especially the cheeks), around the ears, and lips. While it’s usually not painful, scratching can break the skin, leading to sores or infections. Some types, like contact dermatitis, may cause stinging or burning sensations.

What Causes Eczema?

Eczema is typically triggered by a combination of factors:

1. Immune System Response
   The body overreacts to triggers like dust, soap, or allergens. The immune system creates inflammation as a defense mechanism, which leads to eczema symptoms.
2. Genetics
   If your family has a history of eczema, allergies, or asthma, you’re more likely to develop eczema. Sometimes, a genetic mutation impairs the skin’s natural barrier, making it easier for irritants to penetrate.
3. Environmental Factors
   Smoke, dry air, heat, pollution, harsh soaps, wool fabrics, and some skincare products can worsen eczema.
4. Stress and Emotions
   Stress, anxiety, and depression can also trigger or worsen eczema. Your mental health has a significant impact on your skin health.

Can Food Trigger Eczema?

Not everyone with eczema is sensitive to food. However, if you have a food allergy, it may exacerbate your symptoms. Typical food triggers include peanuts, dairy products, and eggs.

Pay attention to your diet. If your eczema flares up after eating certain foods, you might have a sensitivity or allergy. But if you don’t have a diagnosed allergy, food is less likely to be the primary trigger.

If you’re experiencing persistent itching, rashes that won’t go away, or increasingly dry and cracked skin, it’s time to consult a doctor. The sooner eczema is identified and managed, the better the outcome.

Eczema may be a chronic condition, but with the proper care and understanding, it doesn’t have to control your life.

References

Mycleveland Clinic. Diakses pada 2025. Eczema.

NIH. Diakses pada 2025. Eczema.