The early signs of diabetes often go unnoticed. The most common symptoms include frequent thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. However, many other symptoms can develop slowly over time, especially in type 2 diabetes, the most common form of diabetes, which usually occurs in adults over the age of 40.
Some risk factors for type 2 diabetes include:
- Being overweight or obese
- A sedentary (inactive) lifestyle
- Smoking
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- A family history of diabetes
What Is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a chronic condition where the body no longer responds appropriately to insulin. Insulin is a vital hormone that helps cells absorb glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream. When insulin doesn’t work as it should, glucose stays in the blood, causing blood sugar levels to rise.
The symptoms of type 2 diabetes can be very subtle, so many people don’t realize they have it. Additional symptoms to watch for include:
- Slow-healing wounds
- Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
- Frequent skin or gum infections
- Feeling tired easily
- Blurred vision
If left untreated, diabetes can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, and even amputation.
So, How Can You be Certain?

A blood sugar test is the key. Here are some standard tests used to diagnose diabetes:
- Random Blood Glucose Test (RBG)
This test can be done at any time, even with a home glucose meter. If the result is 200 mg/dL or higher, especially if accompanied by typical symptoms, see a doctor immediately. - Fasting Blood Glucose Test (FBG)
Done after fasting for at least 8 hours. Results:
- 126 mg/dL or higher: diabetes
- 100–125 mg/dL: prediabetes
- HbA1c Test
Measures your average blood sugar over the past 2–3 months. Results:
- 6.5% or higher: diabetes
- 5.7%–6.4%: prediabetes
- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Performed after drinking a glucose solution. If your blood sugar level is ≥200 mg/dL two hours after the test, it indicates diabetes.
Other tests, like postprandial glucose (after meals) or C-peptide tests, can help evaluate pancreatic function and insulin production.
To prevent diabetes, adopt a healthy lifestyle. Eat nutritious foods and exercise regularly. Being physically active for 30–60 minutes per day, 3–5 days a week—or at least 150 minutes per week—can significantly reduce your risk.
If you have any risk factors or symptoms mentioned above, don’t wait until they worsen—check your blood sugar now! Early detection can prevent complications and help you live a healthier life.
References
GWS Medika. Accessed in 2025. Waspada Diabetes: Kenali dan Cegah Sejak Dini.
Healthline. Accessed in 2025. How Do You Know If You Have Diabetes?
Leave feedback about this